Class 12 Physics Practical File (NEB)
Sound, Gravitation, Properties of Matter, Electricity, Magnetism, Electronics, and Semiconductor Experiments
Students can view the full Physics practical notebook in the preview above.
Introduction
The Class 12 Physics Practical File is an essential component of the science course. Students are required to perform experiments related to sound, mechanics, electricity, magnetism, semiconductors, and electronics. All experiments must be recorded carefully in a properly maintained practical notebook.
Practical experiments help students understand scientific principles through direct observation and measurement. Instead of only studying formulas and theories from textbooks, students perform experiments using laboratory apparatus and verify physical laws practically.
The Class 12 Physics practical syllabus includes experiments related to:
- Sound and vibrations using sonometer and resonance tube
- Determination of gravitational acceleration using simple pendulum
- Specific gravity and viscosity experiments
- Verification of Ohm’s law
- Magnetism using deflection and oscillation magnetometers
- Logic gates using diodes and transistors
- Semiconductor diode characteristics
- Meter bridge experiments
- Magnetic field plotting and neutral points
These experiments help students develop important scientific skills such as observation, measurement, calculation, graph plotting, circuit construction, and data analysis.
In this article, we provide a complete overview of the Class 12 Physics Practical File according to the NEB syllabus. Students can use this guide to understand the experiments and prepare their practical notebooks properly.
Index of Class 12 Physics Practical Experiments
The Physics practical file contains several important experiments related to sound, electricity, magnetism, electronics, and mechanics.
- To determine the frequency of a given tuning fork using sonometer
- To determine the frequency of AC mains using sonometer
- To determine the velocity of sound in air at NTP using resonance air column apparatus
- To compare the frequencies of tuning forks using sonometer
- To compare the frequencies of tuning forks using resonance tube apparatus and determine end correction
- To determine the value of acceleration due to gravity using simple pendulum
- To determine the specific gravity of kerosene oil and sugar solution using specific gravity bottle
- To verify Ohm’s law and determine resistance of a given resistor
- To determine coefficient of viscosity of glycerin by Stroke's method
- To determine magnetic moment and pole strength of bar magnet using deflection magnetometer in Tan A position
- To determine magnetic moment and pole strength of bar magnet using deflection magnetometer in Tan B position
- To construct NOT, AND, OR gates using diodes and transistor and verify truth table
- To plot combined magnetic lines of force due to earth and bar magnet with north pole pointing north and determine neutral point
- To plot combined magnetic lines of force due to bar magnet with north pole pointing south and determine neutral point
- To study characteristics of Zener diode
- To determine resistance using meter bridge
- To determine magnetic moment and pole strength using oscillation magnetometer
- To draw forward characteristic curve of PN junction diode and determine static and dynamic resistance
1. Determination of Frequency of Tuning Fork Using Sonometer
A sonometer is an instrument used to study the relation between tension, length, and frequency of vibrating strings.
Apparatus Required
- Sonometer
- Tuning fork
- Weights
- Pulley
Principle
The frequency of a vibrating string is directly proportional to the square root of tension and inversely proportional to vibrating length.
Result
The frequency of the given tuning fork is determined experimentally.
2. Determination of Frequency of AC Mains Using Sonometer
This experiment determines the frequency of alternating current using resonance in a sonometer wire.
Observation
Resonance occurs when the wire vibrates strongly.
Result
The frequency of AC mains is approximately 50 Hz.
3. Determination of Velocity of Sound Using Resonance Air Column Apparatus
The resonance tube experiment determines the velocity of sound in air at NTP.
Principle
Sound resonates in an air column when its length corresponds to resonance conditions.
Result
Velocity of sound in air is approximately 332 m/s at NTP.
4. Comparison of Frequencies of Tuning Forks Using Sonometer
This experiment compares frequencies using resonating lengths of wire.
Result
Frequency ratio is calculated using vibrating lengths.
5. Comparison of Frequencies Using Resonance Tube and End Correction
End correction accounts for the extra length of vibrating air beyond the tube end.
Result
End correction value is calculated experimentally.
6. Determination of Gravity Using Simple Pendulum
A simple pendulum is used to determine acceleration due to gravity.
Formula
g = 4π²l / T²
Result
The value of gravitational acceleration is approximately 9.8 m/s².
7. Determination of Specific Gravity Using Specific Gravity Bottle
Specific gravity compares the density of a substance with water.
Materials
- Specific gravity bottle
- Kerosene oil
- Sugar solution
Result
Specific gravity is calculated experimentally.
8. Verification of Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s law states that current is directly proportional to voltage at constant temperature.
Formula
V = IR
Result
A straight-line graph verifies Ohm’s law.
9. Determination of Coefficient of Viscosity by Stokes Method
This experiment measures viscosity using the motion of a sphere through glycerine.
Principle
Viscous force opposes motion through fluid.
Result
Coefficient of viscosity of glycerine is calculated.
10. Magnetic Moment Using Deflection Magnetometer (Tan A Position)
Magnetic moment and pole strength are determined using tangent law.
11. Magnetic Moment Using Deflection Magnetometer (Tan B Position)
This experiment uses the Tan B arrangement for determining magnetic properties.
12. Construction of NOT, AND, OR Gates
Gates Constructed
- NOT gate
- AND gate
- OR gate
Result
Truth tables are verified experimentally.
13. Combined Magnetic Lines of Force (North Pole Pointing North)
This experiment studies magnetic field interaction between earth and bar magnet.
Observation
Neutral points are formed where magnetic fields cancel.
14. Combined Magnetic Lines of Force (North Pole Pointing South)
Magnetic field patterns change when the magnet orientation changes.
15. Characteristics of Zener Diode
Zener diode operates in reverse bias and is used for voltage regulation.
Result
The V-I characteristic curve is plotted.
16. Determination of Resistance Using Meter Bridge
A meter bridge works on the principle of Wheatstone bridge.
Result
Unknown resistance is calculated.
17. Magnetic Moment Using Oscillation Magnetometer
18. Forward Characteristics of PN Junction Diode
The forward bias characteristic curve of a PN junction diode is plotted.
Result
Static and dynamic resistance are calculated from the graph.
Conclusion
Physics practical experiments help students understand physical laws through observation and measurement. The Class 12 NEB Physics practical syllabus includes important experiments related to sound, gravitation, electricity, magnetism, electronics, and semiconductors.
Maintaining a proper practical file helps students organize experimental data, draw diagrams clearly, and prepare effectively for practical examinations and viva.
Thank You
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We hope this practical guide helps you understand the experiments and the correct format for maintaining your physics practical notebook according to the NEB syllabus.
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